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Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) is a small tree of the swampy coastal lowlands of New South Wales, Australia, and one of the great gifts of Aboriginal bush medicine. The Bundjalung people crushed its leaves to inhale for coughs and congestion, laid them over wounds as poultices, and bathed in the "healing lakes" where fallen tea tree leaves steeped the water — knowledge refined over countless generations before Captain Cook's crew ever brewed the leaves as a tea and gave the tree its common name. Modern research has largely vindicated that old confidence: the oil's signature compound, terpinen-4-ol, is among the most studied botanical antimicrobials in the world, with a substantial body of evidence for antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory action on the skin — which is why tea tree remains a first-reach remedy for blemishes, scalp complaints, and hard-working skin everywhere.